On 25 February 1921, the Red Army entered Tbilisi and established a government of workers' and peasants' soviets with Filipp Makharadze as acting head of state. [214], Georgia contains two official autonomous regions, of which one has declared independence. Most countries consider the regions to be Georgian territory under Russian occupation. [265] According to the government, there are 103 resorts in different climatic zones in Georgia. Joseph Stalin, an ethnic Georgian born Iosif Vissarionovich Jugashvili ( ) in Gori, was prominent among the Bolsheviks. Georgia's online vehicle registration and titling system. Georgian is the primary language of 87.7 per cent of the population, followed by 6.2 per cent speaking Azerbaijani, 3.9 per cent Armenian, 1.2 per cent Russian, and 1 per cent other languages. Ranking fourth among the U.S. states east of the Mississippi River in terms of total area (though first in terms of land area) and by many years the youngest of the 13 former English colonies, Georgia was founded in 1732, at which time its boundaries were even largerincluding much of the present-day states of Alabama and Mississippi. [225], Much of the natural habitat in the low-lying areas of western Georgia has disappeared during the past 100 years because of the agricultural development of the land and urbanization. By the late 19th century, discontent with the Russian authorities grew into a national revival movement led by Ilia Chavchavadze. In the Middle Ages, the unified Kingdom of Georgia emerged and reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 12th and early 13th centuries. Visit GTC Register a New Business Starting a new business in Georgia? (1996). [106], Russia accused Georgia of "aggression against South Ossetia",[107] and launched a large-scale land, air and sea invasion of Georgia with the pretext of "peace enforcement" operation on 8 August 2008. [236] It had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.79/10, ranking it 31st globally out of 172 countries.[237]. [117] Russia recognized Abkhazia and South Ossetia as separate republics on 26 August. [219] Georgia considers the regions as occupied by Russia. The first mention of the name spelled as Georgia is in Italian on the mappa mundi of Pietro Vesconte dated AD 1320. Philology, typology and language structure. "[24] Before the 1995 constitution came into force, the country's official name was the Republic of Georgia (Georgian: , romanized: Sakartvelos Resp'ublik'a) and it is still sometimes referred by that name. ed., Nasmyth, Peter, I. Gagoshidze "The Achaemenid influence in Iberia" Boreas 19. [145] This led to a new political crisis that was (temporarily) resolved with an EU brokered agreement,[146] from which the Georgian Dream later withdrew. The self-designation used by ethnic Georgians is Kartvelebi (, i.e. Despite the Soviet takeover, Zhordania was recognized as the legitimate head of the Georgian Government by France, UK, Belgium, and Poland through the 1930s. [69], In the summer of 1805, Russian troops on the Askerani River near Zagam defeated the Iranian army during the 180413 Russo-Persian War and saved Tbilisi from reconquest now that it was officially part of the Imperial territories. [51] She succeeded in neutralizing opposition and embarked on an energetic foreign policy aided by the downfall of the rival powers of the Seljuks and Byzantium. Georgia is a representative democracy governed as a unitary parliamentary republic. This came under criticism from human rights activists[209] and led to protests. [335][336], Georgia is known for its folklore, traditional music, dances, theatre, cinema, and art. [132] Georgian Dream was founded, led and financed by tycoon Bidzina Ivanishvili, the country's richest man who was subsequently elected by parliament as new Prime Minister. State of Georgia government websites and email systems use georgia.gov or ga.gov at the end of the address. [58] Heraclius nevertheless stabilized Eastern Georgia to a degree in the ensuing period and was able to guarantee its autonomy throughout the Iranian Zand period. The responsibility for such actions does not cause dangerous consequences for the public. Other prominent peaks include Mount Kazbek at 5,047m (16,558ft), Shota Rustaveli 4,860m (15,945ft), Tetnuldi 4,858m (15,938ft), Ushba 4,700m (15,420ft), and Ailama 4,547m (14,918ft). [152] Georgia also maintains political, economic, and military relations with France,[153] Germany,[154] Israel,[155] Japan,[156] South Korea,[157] Sri Lanka,[158] Turkey,[159] Ukraine,[160] the United States,[161] and many other countries. (2002). There are two main climatic zones, roughly corresponding to the eastern and western parts of the country. It was the last direct election of a Georgian president, as additional constitutional reforms removed the popular vote. One of the most unusual traditions of dining is supra, or Georgian table, which is also a way of socializing with friends and family. The United States established diplomatic relations with Georgia in 1992 following Georgias 1991 independence from the Soviet Union. [353], Basketball was always one of the notable sports in Georgia, and Georgia had a few very famous Soviet Union national team members, such as Otar Korkia, Mikheil Korkia, Zurab Sakandelidze and Levan Moseshvili. [82] Eduard Shevardnadze (Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1991) returned to Georgia in 1992. Margvelashvili succeeded president Mikheil Saakashvili, who had served the maximum of two terms since coming to power after the bloodless 2003 "Rose Revolution". [224] Out of the abovementioned peaks, only Kazbek is of volcanic origin. The Kartli line prevailed; in 888 Adarnase IV of Iberia (r. 888923) restored the indigenous royal authority dormant since 580. Other deciduous species include several varieties of maple, aspen, ash, and hazelnut. The United States established diplomatic relations with Georgia in 1992 following Georgias 1991 independence from the Soviet Union. [305][c] 0.7 per cent of those recorded in the 2014 census declared themselves to be adherents of other religions, 1.2 per cent refused or did not state their religion and 0.5 per cent declared no religion at all. [322] The number of faculty and staff (collaborators) at TSU is approximately 5,000, with over 35,000 students enrolled. [290] Initially the out-migration was driven by non-Georgian ethnicities but increasing numbers of Georgians emigrated as well,[291] due to the war, the crisis-ridden 1990s, and the subsequent bad economic outlook. [118] In response to Russia's recognition, the Georgian government severed diplomatic relations with Russia. [226], The west-central slopes of the Meskheti Range in Ajaria as well as several locations in Samegrelo and Abkhazia are covered by temperate rain forests. [233] Although the amount of available information is still very small, a first effort has been made to estimate the number of fungal species endemic to Georgia, and 2,595 species have been tentatively identified as possible endemics of the country. The civil war and military conflicts in South Ossetia and Abkhazia aggravated the crisis. [306] In the first half of the 4th century, Christianity was adopted as the state religion of Iberia (present-day Kartli, or eastern Georgia), following the missionary work of Saint Nino of Cappadocia. In 2010, Transparency International (TI) named Georgia "the best corruption-buster in the world. Notable painters from the 20th century include Niko Pirosmani, Lado Gudiashvili, Elene Akhvlediani; notable ballet choreographers include George Balanchine, Vakhtang Chabukiani, and Nino Ananiashvili; notable poets include Galaktion Tabidze, Lado Asatiani, and Mukhran Machavariani; and notable theatre and film directors include Robert Sturua, Tengiz Abuladze, Giorgi Danelia, and Otar Ioseliani. The 2014 census, carried out in collaboration with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), found a population gap of approximately 700,000 compared to the 2014 data from the National Statistical Office of Georgia, Geostat, which was cumulatively built on the 2002 census. The Georgian language, the most pervasive of the Kartvelian languages, is not Indo-European, Turkic, or Semitic. Coniferous forests only dominate in the Borjomi Gorge and in the extreme western areas. Georgia was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, alongside Armenia and Azerbaijan, in 1921 which in 1922 would become a founding member of the Soviet Union. The Province of Georgia (also Georgia Colony) was one of the Southern colonies in British America.It was the last of the thirteen original American colonies established by Great Britain in what later became the United States. In the early 9th century the Abkhazian Church broke away from Constantinople and recognized the authority of the Catholicate of Mtskheta; the Georgian language replaced Greek as the language of literacy and culture. [258] Georgia was ranked 63rd in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 48th in 2019. [147], In February 2021, Irakli Garibashvili became Prime Minister of Georgia, following the resignation of Prime Minister Giorgi Gakharia. The Georgian envoy in Saint Petersburg reacted with a note of protest that was presented to the Russian vice-chancellor Prince Kurakin. The extinction of the Iberian royal dynasties, such as Guaramids and the Chosroids,[42] and also the Abbasid preoccupation with their own civil wars and conflict with the Byzantine Empire, led to the Bagrationi family's growth in prominence. In recent years, the Patrol Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia has undergone a radical transformation, with the police having now absorbed a great many duties previously performed by dedicated independent government agencies. In contrast with western Georgia, nearly 85 per cent of the forests of the region are deciduous. Georgia (country) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to content Search Create account Create account Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more Talk Contributions Getting around Main page Simple start Simple talk New changes Show any page Help Contact us Give to Wikipedia About Wikipedia Tools What links here Related changes [12][13] It is a developing country with a very high Human Development Index. [14] At the early stage of its appearance in the Latin world, it was not always written in the same transliteration, and the first consonant was being spelt with J as Jorgia. The southern portion of the country is bounded by the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. The Lesser Caucasus Mountains partially protect the region from the influence of dry and hot air masses from the south. [87], Following the Rose Revolution, a series of reforms were launched to strengthen the country's military and economic capabilities, as well as to reorient its foreign policy westwards. [110], During the conflict, there was a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Georgians in South Ossetia,[111] including destruction of Georgian settlements after the war had ended. Its something you find on a waterfall hike near Helen in the Georgia mountains or by relaxing on a beach on St. Simons Island off the Georgia coast. [297], The most widespread language group is the Kartvelian family, which includes Georgian, Svan, Mingrelian and Laz. Since 1991, Georgia has made impressive progress fighting corruption, developing modern state institutions, and enhancing global security. "[196] In 2012, the World Bank called Georgia a "unique success" of the world in fighting corruption, noting "Georgia's experience shows that the vicious cycle of endemic corruption can be broken and, with appropriate and decisive reforms, can be turned into a virtuous cycle. For most of the subsequent decade, post-Soviet Georgia suffered from economic crisis, political instability, ethnic conflict, and secessionist wars in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. They never reached Georgia, however, and almost 700,000 Georgians fought in the Red Army to repel the invaders and advance towards Berlin. This made it easy for the remaining Georgian realms to fall victim to the early Muslim conquests in the 7th century. [70] Following the annexation of eastern Georgia, the western Georgian kingdom of Imereti was annexed by Tsar Alexander I. An official website of the State of Georgia. In the original grant, a narrow strip of the province extended to the Pacific Ocean.. De facto separate since Georgian independence, offers were made to give South Ossetia autonomy again, but in 2006 an unrecognized referendum in the area resulted in a vote for independence. The last Imeretian king and the last Georgian Bagrationi ruler, Solomon II, died in exile in 1815, after attempts to rally people against Russia and to enlist foreign support against the latter, had been in vain. Georgia currently has four international airports, the largest of which is by far Tbilisi International Airport, hub for Georgian Airways, which offers connections to many large European cities. [37] In 337 AD King Mirian III declared Christianity as the state religion, giving a great stimulus to the development of literature, arts, and ultimately playing a key role in the formation of the unified Georgian nation,[38][39] The acceptance led to the slow but sure decline of Zoroastrianism,[40] which until the 5th century AD, appeared to have become something like a second established religion in Iberia (eastern Georgia), and was widely practised there.[41]. [283], Today 83.4 per cent of the population practices Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with the majority of these adhering to the national Georgian Orthodox Church. University of Georgia Athletics has shared links on its social media for people wishing to support the families. Georgian wine has been a contentious issue in recent relationships with Russia. The country's Western orientation soon led to worsening relations with Russia, which culminated in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008; Russia has since been occupying a portion of Georgia. The climate of the region varies significantly with elevation and while much of the lowland areas of western Georgia are relatively warm throughout the year, the foothills and mountainous areas (including both the Greater and Lesser Caucasus Mountains) experience cool, wet summers and snowy winters (snow cover often exceeds 2 metres or 6feet 7inches in many regions). Georgia (Georgian: , .mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}romanized:Sakartvelo; IPA:[skrtvl] (listen)) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. For example, the Khevsureti region of Georgia has three styles of wrestling. [346] Among the best-known Georgian wine regions are Kakheti (further divided into the micro-regions of Telavi and Kvareli), Kartli, Imereti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Adjara and Abkhazia. An official website of the State of Georgia. Prominent features of the area include the Javakheti Volcanic Plateau, lakes, including Tabatskuri and Paravani, as well as mineral water and hot springs. It was a British colony, so the government of England sent soldiers to protect it from other countries. Soviet rule was firmly established only after the insurrection was swiftly defeated. In 2019, Georgia ranked 61st on the Human Development Index (HDI). Visit GTC Register a New Business Starting a new business in Georgia? In addition, 435 were wounded, including 35 amputees. Georgia puts it all within reach, and there is no one Georgia experience. [213], Georgia is administratively divided into 9 regions, 1 capital region, and 2 autonomous republics. [192], The new Patruli force was first introduced in the summer of 2005 to replace the traffic police, a force which was accused of widespread corruption. [201] Georgia has ratified the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 2005. Around 23,000 Georgians fled South Ossetia as well. [190] The US State Department's Bureau of International Narcotics and Law-Enforcement Affairs has provided assistance to the training efforts and continues to act in an advisory capacity. By 1994 the gross domestic product had shrunk to a quarter of that of 1989.[239]. [193] The police introduced a 0-2-2 (currently, 1-1-2) emergency dispatch service in 2004. 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